Half a century after iconic Apollo Missions which allowed twelve men to walk on the Луна между 1968 и 1972, НАСА is set to embark on ambitious Артемида Мун Mission designed not only to create long term human presence on and around the Луна but also to learn lessons in preparation for human missions and habitations on март, Дълбок пространство human habitation, enabling humans to become a multi планета species to thwart the risk of extinction is still a very far dream however a beginning is to happen in near future.
“Since, in the long run, every планетарен civilization will be endangered by impacts from пространство, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring—not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive.” – Карл Сейгън, 1994 г.
Artemis I, an uncrewed flight test, the first in a series of Артемида’s increasingly complex missions to the Луна, is scheduled to lift off on 29 August 2022. This will pave the way for future crewed flights (Artemis II, Artemis III, and beyond) to the лунен surface. In 2024, Artemis will land the first woman and the first person of colour on the Луна.
Това, което отличава Артемида apart is its aim to build a base camp on the lunar surface to give astronauts a place to live and work on the луна. Artemis Base Camp includes a modern cabin, a rover, and a mobile home. It is true that humans have been living and working on International Космос Station (ISS) for several years however Artemis Mission will allow astronauts to live on the surface of another celestial body, hence one can argue that Artemis would be first concrete step towards colonisation of deep пространство. This aspect makes Artemis special.
The Artemis Луна Mission, НАСА collaborative programme with European Космос Agency (ESA) and Canadian Космос Agency (CSA) has three objectives –scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for new generation. There are six components of the mission
- Orion spacecraft: The exploration vehicle that will carry crew to пространство, provide emergency abort, sustain the crew during the travel and provide safe re-entry to the Earth.
- Космос Launch System (SLS) Rocket: The heavy-lift rocket that will launch Orion spacecraft.
- Наземни системи за изследване (EGS): ще поддържат изстрелването и възстановяването на завръщащите се астронавти.
- The Gateway: the spaceship in lunar орбита that will serve as multi-purpose outpost орбита - Луна where astronauts will transfer between Orion and the lander. This will provide essential support for long-term human return to the lunar surface
- Human Landing System: Lander will take astronauts from the Gateway in the lunar орбита на повърхността на Луна and back to the Gateway in the орбита.
- Artemis Base Camp: will serve as the home and the workplace for a crew of four astronauts on the surface of the Луна for about 30-60 days. This will enable crew is to stay on the Луна for up to two months at a time.
Human habitation system is the key piece of the mission for living longer in deep пространство both for extending duration of operation as well as for optimal physical and mental wellbeing of the astronaut. This is certainly an imperative for future mission to март. The Transit Habitat is envisioned for long-duration missions.
Sustained human habitation on the surface of the Луна is a very ambitious goal because of unique challenges posed by the lunar environment and the remoteness from the Earth. Notwithstanding this, experiences gained in successful operation of International Космос Station (ISS) for over two decades should contribute in Artemis Луна Мисия.
The Artemis Base Camp, as humanity’s first long-term home on land outside Earth will enable human missions to март. With this, the idea of making humans multi-планета species begins.
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Източници:
- НАСА. Артемида. Наличен в https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/
- НАСА. Програма Артемида. Наличен в https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram
- G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram and N. Herrmann, “Deep Космос Habitation: Establishing a Sustainable Human Presence on the Moon and Beyond,” 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260
- НАСА. Обитаване в дълбокия космос на Артемида: Позволяване на продължително човешко присъствие на Луната и отвъд нея. Наличен в https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf
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