Astrobiology suggest that life is abundant in the вселена and the primitive microbial life forms (beyond earth) could be found earlier than intelligent forms. The search for the extra-terrestrial life involves looking for biological signatures in the vicinity of solar system and looking for radio signals or technical signatures in far away deeper space. There is case for renewed emphasis on searching technosignatures of life in the вселена.
If there is life beyond this планета ? This question has always intrigued people and there has been lot of sensationalism and media attention on извънземен life forms. But where does science stands? Now we have a full-fledged interdisciplinary area of astrobiology dedicated to the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the вселена.
На въпроса Ако има живот отвъд земята, there is optimism about the possibility of extraterrestrial life (Billings L., 2018). НАСА Kepler telescope has shown that the habitable worlds are abundant in the вселена. So are building blocks of life hence it seems reasonable to deduce that the life should be abundant in the вселена.
Is it really possible to find extra-terrestrial intelligence? Yes, there is increasing possibility due to technological advancements (Hirabayashi H. 2019). Therefore there certainly is a case for search of life on other планети; the extra-terrestrial life form could be primitive or complex and intelligent. Estimates suggests that there is relative likelihood of success in the searches for primitive life form than intelligent one (Lingam and Loeb, 2019). The dominant thinking in астробиология is that the “first contact” with extra-terrestrial life may be with microbial life elsewhere (Billings L., 2018).
How do we search them? The search for живот в вселена currently involves two approaches – search for biosignatures (подписи of biology) in and around solar system and radio search for technosignatures (signatures of advanced life forms and technology) emitted from sources far away from solar system in the галактика and beyond. Projects like март and Europa landers, Космическия телескоп на Джеймс Уеб are aimed at search for signatures of biology in nearby solar system while НАСА SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) program and the Breakthrough Listen (BL) project are examples of search for technical signatures in far deeper space.
Both approaches offer benefits but the search for technosignatures seems to complement search for biology but also expands search from solar neighbourhood to deeper in вселена в галактики.
The search for the technosignatures involving orientation, recording and analysis of radio signals or bursts emanating from deep space comes at relatively much lower cost (vis a vis search for biosignatures),. for example, the annual budget of НАСА SETI program was about $10 million. Much of the space can be targeted and searched for radio signals with strong information content, robust detection and interpretations. Further, radio search has a established scientific background and context.
Доводът за търсене на техносигнатура се прави и за факта, че обемът на извадката на търсене до момента е много нисък. Обемът на търсене може да бъде разширен в близко бъдеще. Това би изисквало подобрен достъп до радиотелескопи, ресурси, възстановяване на изследователската екосистема и поддържане на хардуера и софтуера (Margot et al 2019).
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Забележка на редактора:
Д-р Жан-Люк Марго от UCLA предложи „НАСА няма програма SETI. Не е имал програма SETI от повече от 25 години. Моля, помислете за корекция.'.
Бихме искали да добавим, че програмата SETI на НАСА беше отменена през 1993 г. По това време годишният бюджет на програмата SETI беше около 10 милиона долара.
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Източник (и)
1. Margot J et al 2019. Радио търсенето на техносигнатури през десетилетието 2020-2030. Предварително отпечатан arXiv:1903.05544, изпратен на (13 март 2019 г.). https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05544
2. Билингс Л., 2018 г. От Земята до Вселената: живот, интелигентност и еволюция. Биологична теория. 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-017-0266-6
3. Хирабаяши Х. 2019 г. SETI (Търсене на извънземен интелект). астробиология. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3639-3_30
4. Lingam M и Loeb A 2019. Относителна вероятност за успех в търсенето на примитивен срещу интелигентен извънземен живот. астробиология. 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1936
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